FATHER OF ROBOTICS: ISMAIL AL-JAZARI (1136–1206)
Ismail Al-Jazari was a polymath: a scholar, inventor, mechanical engineer, artisan, artist, and mathematician from the Artuqid Dynasty of Jazira in Mesopotamia. ‘The Book of Knowledge of Ingenious Mechanical Devices’ is a medieval Arabic book written by Ismail al-Jazari in the 12th century. It describes over fifty mechanical devices and automata, including clocks, water-raising machines, musical automatons, and humanoid robots. Al-Jazari provides detailed instructions for constructing each device and includes anecdotes and historical references. The book had a significant influence o
